Scale eats water heaters.
Battelle ran 30 water heaters side by side for the Water Quality Research Foundation. Every unit on softened water held its factory efficiency through the whole test. On hard water, tankless units fell from 80% to 72% efficiency and needed descaling at 1.6 years of equivalent service; gas tanks collected 528 grams of scale a year against 7 grams on soft. Water heating is one of the two biggest energy loads in a U.S. home. Heat plus hot water is 62% of household energy use.
